FormulaLookups

Look up a value, with a fallback

The lookup that replaced VLOOKUP: exact match by default, any direction, and a built-in answer for when the value isn't found.

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Your formula

=XLOOKUP(A2, Products!A:A, Products!C:C, "not listed")

Works in both Excel and Google Sheets unless the fine print below says otherwise.

Why it's built this way

  • The fourth argument is the whole upgrade: VLOOKUP returns #N/A on a miss and forces an IFERROR wrap around everything; XLOOKUP takes the fallback as part of the lookup itself.
  • Search and return are separate ranges, so the return column can sit LEFT of the search column — the restriction that made VLOOKUP layouts contort for years is simply gone.
  • Exact match is the default. VLOOKUP's silent default was approximate match, which is the classic source of confidently wrong lookups on unsorted data.

The fine print

  • Needs Excel 2021/365 or Google Sheets; older Excel wants INDEX+MATCH instead (that item is in this collection too).
  • Whole-column references are convenient but slow on very large sheets — bound the ranges (A2:A5000) when a workbook starts to crawl.
  • The two ranges must be the same length or the formula returns #VALUE!.

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