About Image Redactor
The distinction worth knowing: a shape drawn over a picture in a document or slide is a cover, not a removal — whoever receives the file can select it and drag it aside. This rewrites the pixels themselves and re-encodes, so the covered detail is absent from the exported file rather than hidden inside it.
Covering something in a screenshot usually means dropping a filled shape on top of it in a document, a slide or a design tool. That hides the detail from view without removing it: the picture beneath the shape is still whole, and anyone who opens the file can move the shape aside. Newsrooms, law firms and government departments have all published documents this way and had the covered material read back to them.
This works the other way round. The area you drag over is rewritten in the image buffer itself — averaged into blocks, smeared, or painted flat — and the file you download is encoded from those rewritten pixels. There is no layer to peel off because there is no layer, and the detail that was there is not somewhere else in the file either.
The black box is the default, and it is the only one of the three that cannot be reversed by any algorithm: the area becomes a flat colour, so the result does not depend on what was underneath and there is nothing left to reconstruct from. Pixelating and blurring are a different kind of thing. A mosaic resembles the original because it still encodes its broad shape, and published research — Depix being the best known — recovers pixelated text from screenshots by rendering candidate strings, averaging them the same way and matching the blocks. Blur is a linear operation and can be substantially undone. Treat both as cosmetic: fine for keeping a reader's eye off something, wrong for anything you would mind being read.
Everything happens in the tab. The image is decoded by the browser, edited in memory, and encoded again when you press download — it is never sent anywhere, which also means there is no copy on a server to think about afterwards. A useful side effect: because the download is a fresh encode rather than a modified original, EXIF fields travelling with the source photo, including GPS coordinates and the camera's serial number, do not come with it.