IPv4 Subnet Calculator

Work out ranges, masks and hosts from any CIDR block.

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About Subnet Calculator

Usable hosts always come to two below the total: the first address names the network and the last is the broadcast address, and neither can be assigned. That arithmetic is why a /30 yields only two usable addresses.

Enter an IPv4 address and CIDR prefix to get the network and broadcast address, usable host range, host count, netmask and wildcard, then split it into subnets. All the bitwise maths runs in your browser.

A subnet calculator turns an IPv4 address and its CIDR prefix (or netmask) into everything you need to plan or troubleshoot a network: the network and broadcast addresses, the first and last usable host, the total and usable host counts, the wildcard mask and the address class. Enter something like 192.168.1.10/24 — or a netmask such as 255.255.255.0 — and every value updates instantly.

It also splits a block into equal subnets, which is the core of VLSM (variable-length subnet masking) design. Slide to a longer prefix to see how a /24 divides into /26s or /30s, complete with each child network's usable range and broadcast address.

Learn how this works

Frequently asked questions

What does the /24 in an address actually mean?

The number of bits fixed as the network portion. A /24 fixes the first 24 bits, leaving 8 for hosts — 256 addresses, of which 254 are usable. Smaller numbers mean bigger networks, which trips people up at first.

Why are two addresses always unusable?

The first identifies the network itself and the last is the broadcast address. That is why a /24 gives 254 usable hosts rather than 256, and why a /30 — often used for point-to-point links — yields only two.

Which ranges are private?

10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12 and 192.168.0.0/16, reserved by RFC 1918. They are not routable on the public internet, which is why almost every home router hands out addresses from 192.168.

Common Use Cases

  • Planning address ranges before configuring a network
  • Checking whether two hosts share a subnet while debugging
  • Sizing a VPC or VLAN without over-allocating addresses

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